Feldenkrais® & Breathing

1. 

   happybones says:

   May 5, 2018 at 4:10 pm

   4/25/2018 From the April 2018 issue of SenseAbility
   Josh Schreiber Shalem, GCFP writes:

   Here is what Moshe Feldenkrais had to say about the right way to breathe:

   “I am generally against breathing exercises in the commonly accepted notion of breathing exercises where I would be teaching someone that they must breathe like this or like that. It is exactly as if you told someone they must say this or that. If you meet with a woman, you must talk a little about politics, a little about the weather, or love, etc. You know what results from such instructions? An idiot results. It is the same thing if you tell someone how they should breathe. The instructions usually destroy their breathing.”
   -Moshe Feldenkrais, public classes at Alexander Yanai St. in Tel Aviv, lesson #17 “Breathing”

   Link to article: https://www.feldenkraisguild.com/article_content.asp?adminkey=20f3dcf8d4ec2e5e838a687e649bd44e&article=491

   Link to April 2018 issue of SenseAbility: http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/render?m=1101831612633&ca=9cd0c3ce-6b4c-4022-8cc7-7fd61a9eefd5

   Reply
2. 

   happybones says:

   August 9, 2020 at 3:46 pm

   “two kinds of tools for stress at a minimum.” — Dr. Andrew Huberman
   Quoting from 7 JULY 2020
   ACTIVATING HIGH PERFORMANCE: INTERVIEW WITH DR. ANDREW HUBERMAN OF HUBERMAN LABS
   JAIREK ROBBINS
   https://jairekrobbins.com/activating-high-performance-interview-with-dr-andrew-huberman-of-huberman-labs/

   “’I’m a big believer that everyone should have two kinds of tools for stress at a minimum. First of all, we need real-time or “online” tools for stress. One of the things that my lab has been obsessed about is to come up with tools that can enable us to calm down our nervous systems quickly.

   Is meditation a real-time tool?
   Meditation is a terrible real-time tool for dealing with stress because if you and I are in the midst of a stressful interaction, I can’t run off to go and meditate so I can calm down. So we need tools that are fast, and can work for us in the moment.

   The other type of tool that we need are the “offline” tools that increase our threshold for when we hit stress. This is like raising our lowest point for when a stress response is triggered.

   What is the real-time tool you have worked on?
   The real-time tool that we have spent a lot of time working on is based on the neural science of breathing. Throughout sleep, and sometimes during the day, we all do what is called a “proper sigh;” we inhale, and then we inhale again, before exhaling long. We do that subconsciously, and the reason that is triggered is that we have neurons around the back of the neck that evaluate the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your bloodstream and lungs, and when that balance this off, the neurons force one of these sighs.

   But you don’t really have to wait for this unconscious reset to happen because it typically occurs far into the stress cycle. So what I recommend is that when people want to calm down quickly and in the moment, is that they should breathe in through the nose, and again, and then slowly breathe out through the mouth.

   And just repeating that one or two or sometimes three times will bring someone quickly down to a more relaxed state. What is important to note is that the heart rate is always going to take about 40 seconds to come down. The neural circuits that control the heart work a little more slowly than those which control the lungs, so you shouldn’t expect your heart rate to come down immediately you do the breathing pattern I have just described.

   For people who find it hard to breathe through the nose due to congested sinuses, it is okay to do the “proper sigh” through the mouth.

   One more thing about the nose which I haven’t spoken about publicly because the discovery is from another lab, not mine, is about the gut microbiome and how important it is to maintain a healthy gut microbiome for a healthy mind and body; there’s new research showing that we have a nasal biome. In that microbiome found in our nose, there is beneficial bacteria called lactobacillus.

   When we breathe a lot through the nose, the lactobacillus in the nasal biome proliferates and keeps the nasal passage healthy and improves immunity. So there’s lots of reasons for you to do the double inhale through the nose and long exhale through the mouth while you are going about your day and find yourself getting stressed. That is one real-time tool for you.

   What is the science in this?
   The science in this is that when you double inhale, you inflate and fill the sacs in your lungs with air, and this forces carbon dioxide out of your blood and into the lungs so it can be removed when you breathe out. Breathing in isn’t only about taking in oxygen, it is about responding to the sensors in your brain detecting that carbon dioxide levels have gone up. Stress causes carbon dioxide to spike, and doing the “proper sigh” lowers that CO2 level so that your mind and bodily stress can go down. To the best of my knowledge, this is the fastest way to de-stress.

   I would like to emphasize that the tools we are talking about focus on using the body to control the mind. It is very hard to control the mind using the mind. Remember the contract between the mind and the body; the body provides a lever that we can use to influence the mind so that both are in sync. Telling yourself to calm down won’t work because you haven’t respected the contract; you are appealing to a stressed mind to calm down yet you have not paid attention to the body which is experiencing stress as well.

   What about tools to deal with long term stress?
   Well, that brings us to what I call offline tools. These are tools which equip you with a better capacity to deal with stress, and here we will talk about two kinds of tools.

   There is this debate in the self-help and psychology community about whether we need to teach ourselves how to calm down or we need to train ourselves to have a higher ceiling for what we regard as stressful.

   It turns out that those are two different approaches to dealing with the same problem. Things like mindfulness meditation, yoga nidra and other such practices teach your nervous system to relax and you will find it easier to sleep. Most importantly, they will make it harder for stress to be triggered in you. There’s actually science in support of this since it has been found that such exercises reset your serotonin, dopamine and other biochemical which determine your mental state.

   However, there are other activities that can make you less susceptible to being stressed, and these include “super oxygenated breathing” which involves doing 25 big inhales and exhales in quick succession and then stopping while holding your breath. Why does this work? When you do that rapid exhale, you are getting a release of adrenaline, and when you stay calm despite the bunch of adrenaline coursing through your system, you raise the ceiling for the next time when a potentially stressful event occurs.

   This is like driving on a bumpy road for the first time; it is disturbing because you haven’t experienced anything like this before, but when you are on these roads several times, you go along with the bumps because you are now used to them and they no longer stress you. Same thing with doing the exercises that raise your threshold for what you call stress.

   So, for people who are going through chronic stress, you might want to ask yourself whether you are going to do things that lower your stress in the moment or those that raise the bar for what your body and mind regard as stressful things.

   Personally, as soon as I wake up in the morning, I do a yoga nidra practice, it is a deep relaxation session that involves an intention, I focus my mind, and I swear I come out of it feeling that my state of mind and my positivity has made a huge shift. There’s lots of data to support yoga nidra as a practice to restore neurochemicals in the brain, so I recommend it highly. It is cost-free, it is quick, and it is a great practice to do first thing in the morning or when you go to sleep at night if you have trouble falling asleep.

   But I also do about five days a week a super-oxygenated breathing protocol. Advanced warning; super-oxygenation breathing shouldn’t be done near water or while driving because it can make you feel more agitated.

   How is super-oxygenation breathing done?
   It involves breathing in deeply, and then exhaling briefly, and then repeating the deep breath and short exhale about 25 times. By the twenty-fifth time you are going to be tingling and frankly, lots of people aren’t going to feel great at this time. They are going to feel like this is stressing them out. But then you can take a long exhale and just sit there for 15-30 seconds until you feel the impulse to breathe. Don’t force it.

   What happens for most people is that the first round doesn’t feel good, but by the second round you begin to feel alert yet calm and by the third round, they report feeling pretty darn good. However, they also say, and the preliminary results of our ongoing research bear this out, that the threshold for stress is raised so that the next time something stressful occurs on the news or in your mind, you are able to stay calm amid the storm.

   This is intentionally stressing yourself out so that you are then better able to deal with stressful situations should they ever arise.

   How is this exercise related to neuroscience?
   What I am interested in at my laboratory is coming up with a unified theory of how breath affects states of mind. These can only be understood by looking at the ratios of carbon dioxide and oxygen, the levels of neurochemicals, etc. yet all people are interested in is getting the tools to achieve the desired mental states!

   The thing is, parts of the brain are constantly communicating with each other through neural connections. Chemicals called neuromodulators, such as dopamine, serotonin and oxytocin broadly group several brain areas into segments. These are normally 4-6 areas, such as the circuit for focus, another for relaxation, etc.

   A lot of focus has been placed on the individual brain areas, but the reality is that different areas work together to achieve a certain effect. The neuromodulators are the cords which bring these different parts together, like cords on a piano.

   Is there a correct way to breathe when doing the proper sigh or super oxygenated breathing?
   Actually, there is no science that says belly breathing or breathing without moving your ribs is superior to any other way of breathing. There is a system of nerves connected to the diaphragm, and this is the only organ that you can deliberately control. You can’t control your liver or spleen for example, but as you regulate your breathing, you exert a tremendous influence on your body chemistry. So, be deliberate about how you breathe from time to time, and you will reap the benefits of resetting your mental state.

   So how can people stay in the know about what you are doing at your lab?
   Well, my Instagram handle is hubermanlab. I also periodically do podcasts, and there are several up on YouTube. My lab is constantly coming up with new science and I try to translate that into material that the public can digest through things like Instagram live sessions. I am also working on a book that will be out probably in 2021.

   My mission is generally to discover and translate science that people can learn and apply, then teach it to other people. This brings me to a gentle request that I would like to make. I am a strong believer in watch one, do one, teach one. If you learn a technique and you like it, you don’t have to name me, but do teach it to someone else. I feel there’s a serious need for tools that are cost-free, fast and are grounded in physiology and neuroscience. “

   Reply
   • 

     happybones says:

     August 9, 2020 at 4:03 pm

     “So there’s lots of reasons for you to do the DOUBLE INHALE through the NOSE and LONG EXHALE through the MOUTH while you are going about your day and find yourself getting stressed. That is one REAL-TIME TOOL for you.”
     “two kinds of tools for stress at a minimum.”
     — Dr. Andrew Huberman

     Quoting from 7 JULY 2020
     ACTIVATING HIGH PERFORMANCE: INTERVIEW WITH DR. ANDREW HUBERMAN OF HUBERMAN LABS by JAIREK ROBBINS
     https://jairekrobbins.com/activating-high-performance-interview-with-dr-andrew-huberman-of-huberman-labs/
     [emphasis added by Katarina Halm)

     “’I’m a big believer that everyone should have two kinds of tools for stress at a minimum. First of all, we need real-time or “online” tools for stress. One of the things that my lab has been obsessed about is to come up with tools that can enable us to calm down our nervous systems quickly.

     Is meditation a real-time tool?
     Meditation is a terrible real-time tool for dealing with stress because if you and I are in the midst of a stressful interaction, I can’t run off to go and meditate so I can calm down. So we need tools that are fast, and can work for us in the moment.

     The other type of tool that we need are the “offline” tools that increase our threshold for when we hit stress. This is like raising our lowest point for when a stress response is triggered.

     What is the real-time tool you have worked on?
     The real-time tool that we have spent a lot of time working on is based on the neural science of breathing. Throughout sleep, and sometimes during the day, we all do what is called a “proper sigh;” we inhale, and then we inhale again, before exhaling long. We do that subconsciously, and the reason that is triggered is that we have neurons around the back of the neck that evaluate the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your bloodstream and lungs, and when that balance this off, the neurons force one of these sighs.

     But you don’t really have to wait for this unconscious reset to happen because it typically occurs far into the stress cycle. So what I recommend is that when people want to calm down quickly and in the moment, is that they should breathe in through the nose, and again, and then slowly breathe out through the mouth.

     And just repeating that one or two or sometimes three times will bring someone quickly down to a more relaxed state. What is important to note is that the heart rate is always going to take about 40 seconds to come down. The NEURAL CIRCUITS that control the HEART work a LITTLE more SLOWLY than those which control the LUNGS, so you shouldn’t expect your heart rate to come down immediately you do the breathing pattern I have just described.

     For people who find it hard to breathe through the nose due to congested sinuses, it is okay to do the “proper sigh” through the mouth.

     One more thing about the nose which I haven’t spoken about publicly because the discovery is from another lab, not mine, is about the gut microbiome and how important it is to maintain a healthy gut microbiome for a healthy mind and body; there’s new research showing that we have a nasal biome. In that microbiome found in our nose, there is beneficial bacteria called lactobacillus.

     When we breathe a lot through the nose, the lactobacillus in the nasal biome proliferates and keeps the nasal passage healthy and improves immunity. So there’s lots of reasons for you to do the DOUBLE INHALE through the NOSE and LONG EXHALE through the MOUTH while you are going about your day and find yourself getting stressed. That is one REAL-TIME TOOL for you.

     What is the science in this?
     The science in this is that when you double inhale, you INFLATE and fill the sacs in your lungs with air, and this forces CARBON DIOXIDE out of your blood and into the lungs so it can be removed when you breathe out. Breathing in isn’t only about taking in oxygen, it is about responding to the sensors in your brain detecting that CARBON DIOXIDE levels have gone up. STRESS causes CARBON DIOXIDE to spike, and doing the “proper sigh” lowers that CO2 level so that your mind and bodily stress can go down. To the best of my knowledge, this is the fastest way to de-stress.

     I would like to emphasize that the tools we are talking about focus on using the body to control the mind. It is very hard to control the mind using the mind. Remember the contract between the mind and the body; the body provides a lever that we can use to influence the mind so that both are in sync. Telling yourself to calm down won’t work because you haven’t respected the contract; you are appealing to a stressed mind to calm down yet you have not paid attention to the body which is experiencing stress as well.

     What about tools to deal with LONG TERM stress?
     Well, that brings us to what I call OFFLINE TOOLS. These are tools which equip you with a better capacity to deal with stress, and here we will talk about two kinds of tools.

     There is this DEBATE in the self-help and psychology community about whether we need to teach ourselves how to CALM DOWN or we need to train ourselves to have a higher CEILING for what we regard as stressful.

     It turns out that those are TWO different approaches to dealing with the SAME PROBLEM . Things like mindfulness meditation, yoga nidra and other such practices teach your nervous system to relax and you will find it easier to sleep. Most importantly, they will make it harder for stress to be triggered in you. There’s actually science in support of this since it has been found that such exercises reset your serotonin, dopamine and other biochemical which determine your mental state.

     However, there are other activities that can make you LESS SUSCEPTIBLE to being stressed, and these include “super oxygenated breathing” which involves doing 25 BIG inhales and exhales in quick SCUCCESSION and then stopping while HOLDING your breath. Why does this work? When you do that rapid exhale, you are getting a release of adrenaline, and when you stay calm despite the bunch of adrenaline coursing through your system, you raise the CEILING for the NEXT TIME when a potentially stressful event occurs.

     This is like driving on a bumpy road for the first time; it is disturbing because you haven’t experienced anything like this before, but when you are on these roads several times, you go along with the bumps because you are now used to them and they no longer stress you. Same thing with doing the exercises that RAISE your THRESHOLD for what you call stress.

     So, for people who are going through chronic stress, you might want to ask yourself whether you are going to do things that lower your stress in the moment or those that raise the bar for what your body and mind regard as stressful things.

     Personally, as soon as I wake up in the morning, I do a YOGA NIDRA practice, it is a deep relaxation session that involves an intention, I focus my mind, and I swear I come out of it feeling that my state of mind and my positivity has made a huge shift. There’s lots of data to support yoga nidra as a practice to restore neurochemicals in the brain, so I recommend it highly. It is cost-free, it is quick, and it is a great practice to do first thing in the morning or when you go to sleep at night if you have trouble falling asleep.

     But I also do about FIVE DAYS a week a super-oxygenated breathing protocol. Advanced warning; super-oxygenation breathing shouldn’t be done near water or while driving because it can make you feel more agitated.

     How is super-oxygenation breathing done?
     It involves breathing in deeply, and then exhaling briefly, and then repeating the deep breath and short exhale about 25 times. By the twenty-fifth time you are going to be tingling and frankly, lots of people aren’t going to feel great at this time. They are going to feel like this is stressing them out. But then you can take a long exhale and just sit there for 15-30 seconds until you feel the impulse to breathe. Don’t force it.

     What happens for most people is that the first round doesn’t feel good, but by the second round you begin to feel alert yet calm and by the third round, they report feeling pretty darn good. However, they also say, and the preliminary results of our ongoing research bear this out, that the threshold for stress is raised so that the next time something stressful occurs on the news or in your mind, you are able to stay calm amid the storm.

     This is intentionally stressing yourself out so that you are then better able to deal with stressful situations should they ever arise.

     How is this exercise related to neuroscience?
     What I am interested in at my laboratory is coming up with a unified theory of how breath affects states of mind. These can only be understood by looking at the ratios of carbon dioxide and oxygen, the levels of neurochemicals, etc. yet all people are interested in is getting the tools to achieve the desired mental states!

     The thing is, parts of the brain are constantly communicating with each other through neural connections. Chemicals called neuromodulators, such as dopamine, serotonin and oxytocin broadly group several brain areas into segments. These are normally 4-6 areas, such as the circuit for focus, another for relaxation, etc.

     A lot of focus has been placed on the individual brain areas, but the reality is that different areas work together to achieve a certain effect. The neuromodulators are the cords which bring these different parts together, like cords on a piano.

     Is there a correct way to breathe when doing the proper sigh or super oxygenated breathing?
     Actually, there is no science that says belly breathing or breathing without moving your ribs is superior to any other way of breathing. There is a system of nerves connected to the DIAPHRAGM, and this is the only organ that you can deliberately control. You can’t control your liver or spleen for example, but as you regulate your breathing, you exert a tremendous influence on your body chemistry. So, be deliberate about how you breathe from time to time, and you will reap the benefits of resetting your mental state.

     So how can people stay in the know about what you are doing at your lab?
     Well, my Instagram handle is hubermanlab. I also periodically do podcasts, and there are several up on YouTube. My lab is constantly coming up with new science and I try to translate that into material that the public can digest through things like Instagram live sessions. I am also working on a book that will be out probably in 2021.

     My mission is generally to discover and translate science that people can learn and apply, then teach it to other people. This brings me to a gentle request that I would like to make. I am a strong believer in watch one, do one, teach one. If you learn a technique and you like it, you don’t have to name me, but do teach it to someone else. I feel there’s a serious need for tools that are cost-free, fast and are grounded in physiology and neuroscience. “

     Reply
3. 

   happybones says:

   November 23, 2020 at 10:29 pm

   James Nestor notes available at https://drchatterjee.com/124

   Website https://www.mrjamesnestor.com/about
   Instagram https://www.instagram.com/mrjamesnestor
   Facebook https://www.facebook.com/mrjamesnestor

   James Nestor books:
   Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art https://amzn.to/32RzD75
   Further Learning – Breath: Bibliography and Extended Notes – https://www.mrjamesnestor.com/breath-…
   Deep: Freediving, Renegade Science and What the Ocean Tells Us About Ourselves https://amzn.to/2RNLBZ5
   Get High Now: Without Drugs https://amzn.to/2ZYRCGM

   Dr Chatterjee Breathing videos:
   Are you breathing through your mouth? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yntO3…
   What Does a Deep Breath Really Mean? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8XfR7…
   The 3 Pillars of Breathing with Patrick McKewon https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJgBx…
   Is the way you breathe making you stressed https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HI1RP…
   Why You Should Tape Your Mouth For Optimal Sleep https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGSYb…
   How To Measure Your Bolt Score https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1pOY…

   Related Feel Better Live More podcasts:
   #99 How Breathing Through Your Nose Will Change Your Life with Patrick McKeown https://youtu.be/FdXQ6K0zIj4
   #113 Breathing Expert Reveals How To Stay Calm in Any Situation, No Matter How Stressful: Brian McKenzie https://youtu.be/Plt3tQoxLj8

   Reply
4. 

   happybones says:

   December 22, 2020 at 9:43 am

   With appreciation to Carmen Llerenas
   ‘Kirstin Schumaker, uses breathing to help people to release neuromuscular stress on the neck . She is a Certified Teacher of Anatomy Trains® Structural Integration Director of Neurovascular Release. She has an online course. https://agilebodysi.com/offerings/online-courses/‘

   Reply
5. 

   happybones says:

   April 17, 2021 at 8:33 pm

   __________________________________________
   SOME FELDY NOTEBOOK LINKS / QUOTES ~ BREATHING
   https://feldynotebook.com/search/?wpv_view_count=3792&wpv_post_search=BREATHING&wpv_filter_submit=Submit9
   #5 Equalizing the nostrils. (Page 25)
   FELDY NOTEBOOK https://feldynotebook.com/equalizing-the-nostrils-ay5
   #17 Breathing. (Page 97)
   #21 Contracting the abdomen while exhaling. (Page 125)
   FELDY NOTEBOOK https://feldynotebook.com/contracting-the-abdomen-while-exhaling-ay21
   #23 Palate, mouth, and teeth. (Page 137)
   FELDY NOTEBOOK https://feldynotebook.com/palate-mouth-and-teeth-ay-23/
   #28 Legs crossed and expanding chest and abdomen. (Page 171)
   FELDY NOTEBOOK https://feldynotebook.com/legs-crossed-and-expanding-chest-and-abdomen-ay28
   #35 Stomach and chest first (Page 222)
   FELDY NOTEBOOK https://feldynotebook.com/stomach-and-chest-first-ay35
   #126 The mouth and head cavity. (Page 837)
   FELDY NOTEBOOK https://feldynotebook.com/the-mouth-and-head-cavity
   #172 Stopping the breath. (Page 1155)
   FELDY NOTEBOOK https://feldynotebook.com/stopping-the-breath.-ay-172
   #179 Breathing (To weld by breathing). (Page 1209)
   #180 Breathing rhythmically #1. (Page 1215)
   #185 Lying on the feet, #3 and breathing rhythmically #2 (Breathing in 4 parts). (Page 1251)
   FELDY NOTEBOOK https://feldynotebook.com/lying-on-the-feet-no-3-and-breathing-rhythmically-ay-185
   #186 Breathing rhythmically #3 (The left side). (Page 1259)
   #187 Breathing rhythmically #4 (On both sides). (Page 1265)
   #188 Twisting the spine and Breathing rhythmically #5. (Page 1273)
   FELDY NOTEBOOK https://feldynotebook.com/twisting-the-spine-and-breathing-rhythmically_5.-ay-188
   #189 Directed breathing (Intentional breathing) (Breathing rhythmically #6). (Page 1281)
   #191 Pressing to the floor and breathing (Breathing rhythmically #7). (Page 1297)
   ___________________________________________
   REFERENCES ‘HOW BREATHING CALMS YOUR BRAIN’
   * How Breathing Calms Your Brain | Psychology Today
https://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/blog/…/how-breathing-calms-your-brain
Dec 31, 2017 – The science of breathing stands on quite ancient foundations. Centuries of wisdom instructs us to pay closer attention to our breathing, the most …”
   * Breathing And Your Brain: Five Reasons To Grab … – Psychology Today
https://www.psychologytoday.com/…/breathing-and-your-brain-five-reasons-grab-the…
The advice to “just breathe” when you’re stressed may be a cliché of Godzilla-sized proportions, but that doesn’t make it … article continues after advertisement.

   ___________________________________________
   REFERENCE EPIGLOTTIS
   ~~ Epiglottis – Wikipedia
   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiglottis
   ” During swallowing, the elevation of the hyoid bone draws the larynx upward; as a result, the epiglottis folds down to a more horizontal …”
   ~~ The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped flap of cartilage located behind the tongue, at the top of the larynx, or voice box. The main function of the epiglottis is to seal off the windpipe during eating, so that food is not accidentally inhaled.Feb 11, 2015
   Epiglottis Function, Pictures & Definition | Body Maps – Healthline
   https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/epiglottis
   ___________________________________________
   REFERENCE WALKING BACKWARD
   “Can you boost your memory by walking backward? – Harvard Health
   – A study found that walking backward may improve short-term memory. It’s not clear why this is the case, but people may associate reverse …”
   Harvard Women’s Health Watch
   https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/can-you-boost-your-memory-by-walking-backward
   ~~~ Quoting from the article:
   “Published: April 2019
   Lost your car keys? Instead of retracing your steps, you might want to try walking backward to jog your memory.
   A study published in the January issue of Cognition found that people who walked backward, imagined they were walking backward, or even watched a video simulating backward motion had better recall of past events than those who walked forward or sat still.
   Why? That’s still something of a mystery, says Dr. Daniel Schacter, the William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University.
   “It’s possible that people associate going backward with the past and this somehow triggers a memory response. “We know it can’t have anything to do with how they’ve encoded the information,” says Dr. Schacter. After all, people weren’t walking backward when they stored the memories tested in this study. It may take future studies to shed additional light on the issue. “But I found the results intriguing,” says Dr. Schacter.”
   ___________________________________________
   REFERENCE
   Thinking in Movement Feldenkrais® & Breathing page …
   https://thinkinginmovement.ca/feldenkrais-breathing/

   Reply

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